{"id":19835,"date":"2023-08-24T10:09:10","date_gmt":"2023-08-24T08:09:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/?p=19835"},"modified":"2026-10-22T10:42:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T07:42:24","slug":"cum-adaugi-un-asociat-in-firma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/cum-adaugi-un-asociat-in-firma\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum adaugi un asociat \u00een firm\u0103: pa\u0219i, acte \u0219i costuri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ai un SRL \u0219i vrei s\u0103 mai adaugi un asociat (un partener, un investitor, poate chiar un cofondator)? Vestea bun\u0103 e c\u0103, juridic, e o modificare simpl\u0103 la Registrul Comer\u021bului. Practic, alegerea variantei decide cine prime\u0219te banii, ce taxe apar \u0219i c\u00e2t de repede se termin\u0103 totul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vezi mai jos cele 3 modalit\u0103\u021bi prin care po\u021bi ad\u0103uga un asociat \u00eentr-un SRL, ce documente se cer, ce capcane apar cel mai des \u0219i ce ai de f\u0103cut dup\u0103 ce noul asociat apare oficial \u00een firm\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Cuprins<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-cine-poate-fi-asociat-intr-o-firma\" data-level=\"2\">Cine poate fi asociat \u00eentr-o firm\u0103?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-cum-adaugi-un-asociat-in-firma\" data-level=\"2\">Cum adaugi un asociat \u00een firm\u0103?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-cum-adaugi-un-asociat-prin-cesiune-de-par\u021bi-sociale\" data-level=\"2\">Cum adaugi un asociat prin cesiune de p\u0103r\u021bi sociale<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-cum-adaugi-un-asociat-prin-majorarea-capitalului-social\" data-level=\"2\">Cum adaugi un asociat prin majorarea capitalului social<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-pa\u0219ii-\u0219i-actele-pentru-a-adauga-un-asociat-nou-in-firma\" data-level=\"2\">Pa\u0219ii \u0219i actele pentru a ad\u0103uga un asociat nou \u00een firm\u0103<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ce-taxe-apar-cand-intra-un-asociat-nou\" data-level=\"2\">Ce taxe apar c\u00e2nd intr\u0103 un asociat nou<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-ce-mai-trebuie-sa-\u0219tii\" data-level=\"2\">Ce mai trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-cine-poate-fi-asociat-intr-o-firma\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cine poate fi asociat \u00eentr-o firm\u0103?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Poate fi asociat <a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/ce-este-si-cine-conduce-un-srl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00eentr-un SRL<\/a> orice persoan\u0103 fizic\u0103 sau juridic\u0103, rom\u00e2n\u0103 sau str\u0103in\u0103. Un SRL poate avea <strong>cel mult 50 de asocia\u021bi<\/strong>, iar unele profesii au incompatibilit\u0103\u021bi (de exemplu, magistra\u021bii), a\u0219a c\u0103, dac\u0103 noul asociat are o profesie reglementat\u0103, verific\u0103 regulile ei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cenainte s\u0103 adaugi un asociat nou \u00een firm\u0103, verific\u0103 patru lucruri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ce spune actul constitutiv:<\/strong> p\u0103r\u021bile sociale circul\u0103 liber \u00eentre asocia\u021bi. C\u0103tre o persoan\u0103 din afara firmei, transferul trebuie aprobat de asocia\u021bii care de\u021bin cel pu\u021bin trei sferturi din capital. Din 2020, actul constitutiv poate stabili o alt\u0103 majoritate sau poate elimina condi\u021bia. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Procente, vot \u0219i profit:<\/strong> stabili\u021bi din start ce procent prime\u0219te noul asociat, cum se voteaz\u0103 deciziile importante \u0219i cum se \u00eempart dividendele. Hot\u0103r\u00e2rile se iau cu majoritatea absolut\u0103 a asocia\u021bilor \u0219i a p\u0103r\u021bilor sociale, dac\u0103 actul constitutiv nu prevede altfel. Cu doi asocia\u021bi la 50% fiecare nu exist\u0103 majoritate, a\u0219a c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 prevede\u021bi explicit ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 la blocaj.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Regimul micro:<\/strong> un asociat care de\u021bine peste 25% \u00een mai multe firme poate desemna o singur\u0103 firm\u0103 care s\u0103 aplice <a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/conditiile-de-aplicare-a-impozitului-micro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">impozitul micro de 1%<\/a>. Dac\u0103 noul asociat intr\u0103 cu peste 25% \u0219i are deja peste 25% \u00eentr-o alt\u0103 micro\u00eentreprindere, una dintre firme pierde regimul micro \u0219i ajunge la impozit pe profit de 16%. \u00cen plus, plafonul de 100.000 de euro se verific\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu cifra de afaceri a firmelor legate prin acela\u0219i asociat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Situa\u021bia fiscal\u0103 a firmei:<\/strong> la o cesiune, ANAF verific\u0103 acum dac\u0103 firma are datorii restante, iar dac\u0103 are, cere garan\u021bii. Cere un certificat de atestare fiscal\u0103 <a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/ghid-deschidere-cont-spv\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">din SPV<\/a> \u00eenainte de negociere, ca s\u0103 \u0219tii de la ce porne\u0219ti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-cum-adaugi-un-asociat-in-firma\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cum adaugi un asociat \u00een firm\u0103?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, un asociat nou intr\u0103 \u00eentr-un SRL prin una dintre op\u021biunile de mai jos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td><strong>Cesiune de p\u0103r\u021bi sociale<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Majorare de capital<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Succesiune<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103<\/td><td>Un asociat existent vinde sau cedeaz\u0103 o parte din p\u0103r\u021bile lui<\/td><td>Noul asociat aduce un aport \u0219i prime\u0219te p\u0103r\u021bi sociale noi<\/td><td>Mo\u0219tenitorii preiau p\u0103r\u021bile unui asociat decedat<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Unde merg banii<\/td><td>La asociatul care vinde<\/td><td>\u00cen firm\u0103<\/td><td>Nu exist\u0103 pre\u021b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capitalul social<\/td><td>R\u0103m\u00e2ne la fel<\/td><td>Cre\u0219te<\/td><td>R\u0103m\u00e2ne la fel<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Verificare ANAF<\/td><td>Da, la orice cesiune, din 9 martie 2026<\/td><td>Nu<\/td><td>Regulile se aplic\u0103 la cesiune, nu la mo\u0219tenire<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Impozit<\/td><td>Pe c\u00e2\u0219tigul v\u00e2nz\u0103torului, dac\u0103 vinde peste costul de achizi\u021bie<\/td><td>Niciunul pentru aportul \u00een bani<\/td><td>Regulile succesorale<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C\u00e2nd se potrive\u0219te<\/td><td>Cineva vrea s\u0103 ias\u0103 par\u021bial sau firma nu are nevoie de bani<\/td><td>Firma are nevoie de bani sau de un activ<\/td><td>Decesul unui asociat<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Modalit\u0103\u021bi prin care po\u021bi ad\u0103uga un asociat \u00eentr-un SRL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cum alegi \u00eentre ele:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vrei s\u0103 intre bani noi \u00een firm\u0103 (\u0219i s\u0103 nu ias\u0103 bani c\u0103tre un asociat existent)? \u2192 de obicei alegi <a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/majorare-capital-social\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">majorarea capitalului social<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vrei s\u0103 aduci un asociat, dar firma nu are nevoie de aport nou, iar un asociat existent vrea s\u0103 cedeze din participa\u021bie? \u2192 de obicei alegi cesiunea de p\u0103r\u021bi sociale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E un caz de mo\u0219tenire? \u2192 mergi pe succesiune.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-cum-adaugi-un-asociat-prin-cesiune-de-par\u021bi-sociale\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cum adaugi un asociat prin cesiune de p\u0103r\u021bi sociale<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La <a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/cesiune-de-parti-sociale\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cesiune de p\u0103r\u021bi sociale<\/a>, un asociat existent (cedentul) transfer\u0103 o parte din p\u0103r\u021bile lui sociale c\u0103tre noul asociat (cesionarul). <a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/ce-este-capitalul-social-al-unui-srl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Capitalul social<\/a> r\u0103m\u00e2ne acela\u0219i, se schimb\u0103 doar cine de\u021bine p\u0103r\u021bile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Din 2026, orice cesiune de p\u0103r\u021bi sociale dintr-un SRL trece printr-o verificare fiscal\u0103, indiferent de procent. Regula a ap\u0103rut prin <a href=\"https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocumentAfis\/305208\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Legea 239\/2025<\/a> pentru asociatul care de\u021bine controlul \u0219i a fost extins\u0103 la toate cesiunile prin <a href=\"https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocument\/308122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">OUG 13\/2026<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Concret, ai trei lucruri de f\u0103cut \u00een plus:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Notifici ANAF \u00een 15 zile de la data cesiunii.<\/strong> Poate depune notificarea firma, cedentul sau cesionarul, la registratur\u0103, prin po\u0219t\u0103 cu confirmare de primire sau prin SPV. Ata\u0219ezi contractul de cesiune \u0219i actul constitutiv actualizat. Notificarea e obligatorie chiar dac\u0103 firma nu are nicio datorie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ANAF emite certificatul de atestare fiscal\u0103 \u00een 3 zile lucr\u0103toare de la notificare.<\/strong> La \u00eenregistrarea cesiunii, ONRC \u00eel cere direct de la ANAF, deci nu-l mai depui tu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dac\u0103 firma are datorii restante, se constituie garan\u021bii<\/strong> de c\u0103tre firm\u0103 sau cesionar, la nivelul datoriilor, cu acordul ANAF. F\u0103r\u0103 acord, ONRC nu \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 cesiunea. Dac\u0103 datoriile nu se pl\u0103tesc \u00een 60 de zile de la \u00eenregistrare, ANAF execut\u0103 garan\u021biile.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Altfel spus, dac\u0103 firma n-are datorii, ai doar un pas administrativ \u00een plus. Dac\u0103 are, cesiunea devine o tranzac\u021bie \u00een care trebuie negociat cine pl\u0103te\u0219te datoriile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Iar c\u00e2nd vine vorba de aprobare \u0219i pre\u021b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Aprobarea:<\/strong> transferul c\u0103tre o persoan\u0103 din afara firmei trebuie aprobat de asocia\u021bii cu cel pu\u021bin trei sferturi din capital, dac\u0103 actul constitutiv nu prevede altfel. Din 2020 nu mai exist\u0103 termenul de opozi\u021bie de 30 de zile pentru creditori.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pre\u021bul \u00eel stabili\u021bi voi:<\/strong> poate fi egal cu valoarea nominal\u0103 a p\u0103r\u021bilor, mai mare sau mai mic. Conteaz\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 fiscal: dac\u0103 vinzi peste c\u00e2t te-au costat p\u0103r\u021bile, ai un c\u00e2\u0219tig impozabil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Contractul de cesiune se semneaz\u0103 de p\u0103r\u021bi<\/strong>: nu e nevoie de notar, dec\u00e2t \u00een situa\u021bii speciale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-cum-adaugi-un-asociat-prin-majorarea-capitalului-social\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cum adaugi un asociat prin majorarea capitalului social<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La <a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/majorare-capital-social\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">majorarea capitalului social<\/a>, noul asociat aduce un aport \u00een firm\u0103 (de regul\u0103 bani, uneori un bun) \u0219i prime\u0219te p\u0103r\u021bi sociale noi. Asocia\u021bii existen\u021bi nu v\u00e2nd nimic, dar procentele lor scad, pentru c\u0103 totalul cre\u0219te. Ca s\u0103 calculezi procentele, po\u021bi folosi formula: <strong>procentul noului asociat = aportul lui la capital \/ capitalul social de dup\u0103 majorare<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 firma are deja profit sau clien\u021bi, e corect ca noul asociat s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103 mai mult dec\u00e2t valoarea nominal\u0103 a p\u0103r\u021bilor. Diferen\u021ba peste valoarea nominal\u0103 se nume\u0219te prim\u0103 de emisiune: intr\u0103 \u00een firm\u0103, dar nu \u00een capitalul social.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Iar dac\u0103 firma ta are cifr\u0103 de afaceri net\u0103 de peste <strong>400.000 de lei<\/strong> \u0219i capital sub <strong>5.000 de lei<\/strong>, folose\u0219te intrarea noului asociat ca s\u0103 ajungi \u0219i la minimul legal. Aten\u021bie \u00eens\u0103: reducerea de 50% la Monitorul Oficial, valabil\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la <strong>31 decembrie 2026<\/strong>, se aplic\u0103 doar dac\u0103 dosarul prive\u0219te exclusiv majorarea. O majorare f\u0103cut\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu intrarea unui asociat nou poate s\u0103 nu se \u00eencadreze. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103-\u021bi verifici rapid situa\u021bia, <a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/verifica-capital-social\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">po\u021bi folosi gratuit instrumentul de verificare StartCo<\/a>. Ai nevoie doar de CUI-ul firmei \u0219i afli \u00een c\u00e2teva secunde dac\u0103 trebuie sau nu s\u0103 majorezi capitalul la 5.000 de lei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-pa\u0219ii-\u0219i-actele-pentru-a-adauga-un-asociat-nou-in-firma\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pa\u0219ii \u0219i actele pentru a ad\u0103uga un asociat nou \u00een firm\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Verifici<\/strong> actul constitutiv, regimul micro \u0219i certificatul de atestare fiscal\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hot\u0103r\u0103\u0219ti intrarea noului asociat<\/strong>: decizia asociatului unic sau hot\u0103r\u00e2rea AGA, cu procentele, num\u0103rul de p\u0103r\u021bi \u0219i, la majorare, aportul.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Semnezi contractul de cesiune<\/strong> sau <strong>faci aportul <\/strong>\u00een contul firmei, dup\u0103 caz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Doar la cesiune<\/strong>: notifici ANAF \u00een 15 zile de la data cesiunii.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Actualizezi actul constitutiv<\/strong> cu noua structur\u0103 a asocia\u021bilor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Depui dosarul<\/strong> la ONRC \u00een 15 zile de la actul modificator, online, <a href=\"https:\/\/myportal.onrc.ro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pe portalul ONRC<\/a>, cu semn\u0103tur\u0103 electronic\u0103, sau la ghi\u0219eu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dup\u0103 ce ONRC admite cererea, pl\u0103te\u0219ti, dac\u0103 e cazul, <strong>publicarea \u00een Monitorul Oficial<\/strong> pe baza notei de calcul, iar apoi prime\u0219ti documentele.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce acte trebuie s\u0103 depui:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>cererea de \u00eenregistrare;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>decizia asociatului unic sau hot\u0103r\u00e2rea AGA;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>contractul de cesiune;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dovada aportului (extras bancar; la bunuri, raport de evaluare \u0219i acte de proprietate);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/act-constitutiv-actualizat\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">actul constitutiv actualizat<\/a>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>actele de identitate ale noului asociat (la persoane juridice, certificatul de \u00eenregistrare);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/declaratia-de-beneficiar-real\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">declara\u021bia privind beneficiarul real<\/a>, doar dac\u0103 se schimb\u0103 beneficiarii reali;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dovada notific\u0103rii ANAF: necesar\u0103 la dosarul cesiunii (chiar dac\u0103 ONRC cere oricum certificatul de la ANAF). Pentru majorare, nu ai nevoie de ea;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00eemputernicirea, dac\u0103 depune altcineva.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 nu vrei s\u0103 te ocupi de pa\u0219ii de mai sus, <a href=\"https:\/\/cloud.startco.ro\/wizz\/modificare-srl\/8f5b5503-ce68-434c-8699-ff1915a83a34\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">po\u021bi ad\u0103uga un asociat nou \u00een firm\u0103 online, prin StartCo<\/a>. Iar cel mai mare avantaj e c\u0103 <strong>po\u021bi face mai multe modific\u0103ri<\/strong> \u00een firm\u0103 la un loc \u0219i <strong>pl\u0103te\u0219ti doar pentru una<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2nd vine vorba de cost, \u00eenregistrarea la ONRC nu are taxe. Mai r\u0103m\u00e2ne doar publicarea \u00een Monitorul Oficial, acolo unde se aplic\u0103, pe care o pl\u0103te\u0219ti dup\u0103 ce ONRC admite cererea. Suma exact\u0103 o vezi \u00een nota de calcul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2t despre durat\u0103, o majorare \u00een numerar se rezolv\u0103 de regul\u0103 \u00een c\u00e2teva zile lucr\u0103toare. La cesiune, adaug\u0103 cele 3 zile lucr\u0103toare \u00een care ANAF emite certificatul. Dac\u0103 firma are datorii \u0219i trebuie constituite garan\u021bii, s-ar putea s\u0103 dureze c\u00e2teva s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-ce-taxe-apar-cand-intra-un-asociat-nou\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce taxe apar c\u00e2nd intr\u0103 un asociat nou<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La cesiune, dac\u0103 v\u00e2nz\u0103torul e persoan\u0103 fizic\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>C\u00e2\u0219tigul<\/strong> din v\u00e2nzarea p\u0103r\u021bilor sociale e diferen\u021ba dintre pre\u021bul \u00eencasat \u0219i c\u00e2t l-au costat p\u0103r\u021bile (de regul\u0103, valoarea nominal\u0103 pe care a pl\u0103tit-o la capital). C\u00e2\u0219tigul se impoziteaz\u0103 cu 16%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nimeni nu re\u021bine impozitul la surs\u0103.<\/strong> V\u00e2nz\u0103torul \u00ee\u0219i calculeaz\u0103 singur c\u00e2\u0219tigul \u0219i \u00eel declar\u0103 \u00een Declara\u021bia unic\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 25 mai a anului urm\u0103tor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e2\u0219tigul intr\u0103 \u0219i la calculul CASS<\/strong> pe veniturile din investi\u021bii: dac\u0103 totalul acestor venituri ajunge la cel pu\u021bin 6 salarii minime brute pe an, se pl\u0103te\u0219te CASS de 10%, calculat\u0103 pe un plafon de 6, 12 sau 24 de salarii minime.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dac\u0103 vinde la valoarea nominal\u0103<\/strong>, nu are c\u00e2\u0219tig, deci nu are impozit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La cesiune, dac\u0103 v\u00e2nz\u0103torul e firm\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La impozitul pe profit se impoziteaz\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tigul (pre\u021bul minus valoarea fiscal\u0103 a p\u0103r\u021bilor), iar la regimul micro baza impozabil\u0103 e alta: \u00eentreaga sum\u0103 \u00eencasat\u0103 intr\u0103 la venituri impozabile cu 1%. La impozitul pe profit exist\u0103 scutirea pentru participa\u021biile de\u021binute ne\u00eentrerupt cel pu\u021bin un an, \u00een minimum 10% din capitalul social al unei persoane juridice rom\u00e2ne (sau dintr-un stat cu care Rom\u00e2nia are conven\u021bie de evitare a dublei impuneri). Verific\u0103-le cu contabilul \u00eenainte de a fixa pre\u021bul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La majorare<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aportul \u00een numerar nu se impoziteaz\u0103, nici pentru firm\u0103, nici pentru noul asociat. Acela\u0219i lucru e valabil pentru prima de emisiune. La aportul \u00een natur\u0103 pot ap\u0103rea implica\u021bii de TVA sau de impozit, \u00een func\u021bie de bun \u0219i de cine \u00eel aduce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-ce-mai-trebuie-sa-\u0219tii\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce mai trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dup\u0103 ce noul asociat apare \u00een registrul comer\u021bului:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Actualizeaz\u0103 registrul asocia\u021bilor,<\/strong> \u021binut de <a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/ce-este-administratorul-unui-srl-si-care-sunt-drepturile-si-responsabilitatile-sale\/\">administrator<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Trimite actele contabilului<\/strong>, ca s\u0103 \u00eenregistreze cesiunea sau majorarea \u0219i s\u0103 verifice efectele asupra regimului micro: \u00een cazul de\u021binerilor de peste 25% la mai multe micro\u00eentreprinderi, trecerea la impozit pe profit produce efecte din trimestrul \u00een care apare situa\u021bia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Anun\u021b\u0103 banca<\/strong>: multe b\u0103nci cer actul constitutiv actualizat \u0219i datele noului asociat, mai ales dac\u0103 devine beneficiar real.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Revizuie\u0219te accesul<\/strong> la conturile firmei, la SPV \u0219i la aplica\u021biile de facturare.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>La cesiune,<\/strong> v\u00e2nz\u0103torul \u00ee\u0219i noteaz\u0103 termenul din <a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/ghid-depunere-declaratie-unica\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Declara\u021bia unic\u0103<\/a> (25 mai a anului urm\u0103tor).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dac\u0103 noul asociat <a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/care-este-diferenta-dintre-administrator-si-asociat\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">devine \u0219i administrator<\/a>,<\/strong> e o men\u021biune separat\u0103, cu acte proprii. O po\u021bi face \u00een acela\u0219i dosar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1792653937585\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Firma are profit nerepartizat din anii trecu\u021bi. \u00cel \u00eempart \u0219i cu noul asociat?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Da. Dividendele se \u00eempart dup\u0103 procentele de la momentul \u00een care asocia\u021bii hot\u0103r\u0103sc distribuirea, nu dup\u0103 cine era \u00een firm\u0103 c\u00e2nd s-a f\u0103cut profitul. Dac\u0103 vrei ca profitul vechi s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 al asocia\u021bilor actuali, distribuie dividendele \u00eenainte de cesiune sau majorare ori include valoarea lui \u00een pre\u021b sau \u00een prima de emisiune.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1792653951508\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Firma are c\u00e2teva mii de lei datorii la ANAF. Mai pot face cesiunea?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Da, dar cu un pas \u00een plus. Certificatul de atestare fiscal\u0103 va ar\u0103ta restan\u021bele, iar firma sau noul asociat trebuie s\u0103 constituie o garan\u021bie de aceea\u0219i valoare, cu acordul ANAF. F\u0103r\u0103 acord, ONRC nu \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 cesiunea, iar dac\u0103 datoriile nu se pl\u0103tesc \u00een 60 de zile de la \u00eenregistrare, ANAF execut\u0103 garan\u021bia.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1792653969440\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Vreau s\u0103-i dau p\u0103r\u021bi sociale so\u021biei sau unui p\u0103rinte, f\u0103r\u0103 bani. Se poate?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Da, dar un transfer f\u0103r\u0103 pre\u021b e juridic o dona\u021bie, iar dona\u021bia se face la notar, \u00een form\u0103 autentic\u0103. Varianta cu un pre\u021b simbolic (de exemplu, 1 leu) e riscant\u0103: la un pre\u021b derizoriu, v\u00e2nzarea poate fi anulat\u0103 sau recalificat\u0103 ca dona\u021bie. Dac\u0103 vrei s\u0103 evi\u021bi notarul, stabili\u021bi un pre\u021b real, chiar dac\u0103 e mic, dar \u021bine cont c\u0103 valoarea nominal\u0103 e un pre\u021b \u201ereal&#8221; doar dac\u0103 se apropie de valoarea p\u0103r\u021bilor: la o firm\u0103 cu active sau profit, v\u00e2nzarea constant la nominal poate fi contestat\u0103 ca dezechilibrat\u0103.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1792653981894\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Noul asociat r\u0103spunde pentru datoriile vechi ale firmei?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Datoriile sunt ale firmei, nu ale asocia\u021bilor. Noul asociat risc\u0103, la fel ca ceilal\u021bi, doar ce a adus \u00een firm\u0103, cu excep\u021biile legale de r\u0103spundere personal\u0103 (de exemplu, frauda sau ducerea firmei \u00een insolven\u021b\u0103). \u00cen practic\u0103 \u00eens\u0103, datoriile scad valoarea p\u0103r\u021bilor pe care le cump\u0103r\u0103, iar la cesiune poate ajunge s\u0103 garanteze restan\u021bele la ANAF.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Afl\u0103 cine poate fi asociat \u00eentr-o firm\u0103 \u0219i cum po\u021bi ad\u0103uga un asociat nou, cum depui dosarul, ce costuri sunt \u0219i de ce alte lucruri trebuie s\u0103 \u021bii cont.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":19836,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[375],"tags":[609,75,22,15],"class_list":["post-19835","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cum-administrezi-firma","tag-adaugare-asociat-srl","tag-afacere","tag-antreprenor","tag-srl"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.6 (Yoast SEO v28.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ 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Dividendele se \u00eempart dup\u0103 procentele de la momentul \u00een care asocia\u021bii hot\u0103r\u0103sc distribuirea, nu dup\u0103 cine era \u00een firm\u0103 c\u00e2nd s-a f\u0103cut profitul. Dac\u0103 vrei ca profitul vechi s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 al asocia\u021bilor actuali, distribuie dividendele \u00eenainte de cesiune sau majorare ori include valoarea lui \u00een pre\u021b sau \u00een prima de emisiune.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/startco.ro\\\/blog\\\/cum-adaugi-un-asociat-in-firma\\\/#faq-question-1792653951508\",\"position\":2,\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/startco.ro\\\/blog\\\/cum-adaugi-un-asociat-in-firma\\\/#faq-question-1792653951508\",\"name\":\"Firma are c\u00e2teva mii de lei datorii la ANAF. Mai pot face cesiunea?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Da, dar cu un pas \u00een plus. 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