{"id":11760,"date":"2021-09-28T02:52:44","date_gmt":"2021-09-28T00:52:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firmeon.ro\/?p=11760"},"modified":"2026-10-20T14:51:48","modified_gmt":"2026-10-20T11:51:48","slug":"ce-este-capitalul-social-al-unui-srl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/ce-este-capitalul-social-al-unui-srl\/","title":{"rendered":"Capitalul social al unei firme: ce este, c\u00e2nd \u0219i cum se depune \u0219i de ce e important"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"sccs-banner-2026\">\n  <style>\n    #sccs-banner-2026,\n    #sccs-banner-2026 * {\n      box-sizing: border-box;\n    }\n\n    #sccs-banner-2026 {\n      margin: 24px 0;\n      font-family: Inter, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Segoe UI\", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;\n    }\n\n    #sccs-banner-2026 .sccs26-card {\n      position: relative;\n      overflow: hidden;\n      isolation: isolate;\n      border-radius: 28px;\n      padding: 20px 22px 58px;\n      color: #ffffff;\n      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svg {\n        transition: none;\n      }\n\n      #sccs-banner-2026 .sccs26-toggle {\n        animation: none;\n      }\n\n      #sccs-banner-2026 .sccs26-cta:hover,\n      #sccs-banner-2026 .sccs26-cta:active {\n        transform: none;\n        filter: none;\n      }\n    }\n  <\/style>\n\n  <div class=\"sccs26-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"sccs26-expand\">\n    <div class=\"sccs26-glow sccs26-glow--cyan\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"sccs26-glow sccs26-glow--amber\"><\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"sccs26-copy\">\n      <h2>Verific\u0103-\u021bi gratuit capitalul social<\/h2>\n\n      <p>\n        Vrei s\u0103 vezi dac\u0103 trebuie s\u0103-\u021bi majorezi capitalul social la 5.000 de lei? Verific\u0103-l 100% gratuit,\n        direct pe datele oficiale de la ANAF \u0219i din bilan\u021bul pe 2025, doar cu CUI-ul firmei.\n        Totul gata \u00een c\u00e2teva secunde!\n      <\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"sccs26-row\">\n        <a class=\"sccs26-cta\" href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/verifica-capital-social?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=banner&amp;utm_campaign=verifica-capital-social\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\n          Verific\u0103 acum\n        <\/a>\n\n        <div class=\"sccs26-deadline\">\n          Termen limit\u0103: 18 decembrie 2027\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div id=\"sccs26-expand\" class=\"sccs26-expand\">\n      <div class=\"sccs26-offer\">\n        <h3>Reducere ONRC<\/h3>\n        <p>\n          SRL-urile cu o cifr\u0103 de afaceri de peste <strong>400.000 de lei<\/strong> \u0219i un capital social sub\n          <strong>5.000 de lei<\/strong> trebuie s\u0103 \u00eel majoreze p\u00e2n\u0103 pe <strong>18 decembrie 2027<\/strong>.\n          Dac\u0103 faci \u00eens\u0103 majorarea p\u00e2n\u0103 la <strong>31 decembrie 2026<\/strong>, tariful de publicare \u00een\n          Monitorul Oficial <strong>se reduce cu 50%<\/strong>.\n        <\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <p class=\"sccs26-bonus\">\n        Bonus:\n        <a class=\"sccs26-bonus-link\" href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/majorare-capital-social\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\n          ghid complet\n        <\/a>\n        pentru majorarea capitalului social.\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <button class=\"sccs26-toggle\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Reducere de 50%\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"sccs26-expand\">\n      <span class=\"sccs26-toggle-text\">Reducere de 50%<\/span>\n      <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n        <path d=\"M6 9l6 6 6-6\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.25\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><\/path>\n      <\/svg>\n    <\/button>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <script>\n    (function () {\n      var root = document.getElementById('sccs-banner-2026');\n      if (!root) return;\n\n      var card = root.querySelector('.sccs26-card');\n      var toggle = root.querySelector('.sccs26-toggle');\n      var toggleText = root.querySelector('.sccs26-toggle-text');\n      var LABEL_CLOSED = 'Reducere de 50%';\n      var LABEL_OPEN = 'Ascunde detaliile';\n\n      function isInteractive(target) {\n        return !!target.closest('.sccs26-cta, .sccs26-bonus-link, .sccs26-toggle');\n      }\n\n      function setOpen(open) {\n        root.classList.toggle('is-open', open);\n        card.setAttribute('aria-expanded', open ? 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Ani la r\u00e2nd, a fost cea mai u\u0219oar\u0103 rubric\u0103 din dosarul de \u00eenfiin\u021bare: scriai 1 leu sau 200 de lei \u0219i treceai mai departe. Dar de la finalul lui 2025, <strong>lucrurile s-au schimbat<\/strong>: un SRL nou porne\u0219te de la 500 de lei, iar firmele care trec de 400.000 de lei cifr\u0103 de afaceri trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 cel pu\u021bin 5.000 de lei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 asta, capitalul social conteaz\u0103 pentru c\u00e2t de credibil\u0103 e firma, pentru momentul \u00een care po\u021bi scoate dividende \u0219i pentru regulile privind activul net \u0219i \u00eemprumuturile de la asocia\u021bi. Cite\u0219te \u00een continuare \u0219i afl\u0103 ce este capitalul social al unui SRL, cum poate fi folosit, majorat sau redus \u0219i de ce este important\u0103 valoarea lui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-table-of-contents yoast-table-of-contents\"><h2>Cuprins<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"#h-ce-este-capitalul-social\" data-level=\"2\">Ce este capitalul social?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-cat-este-capitalul-social-minim-la-srl\" data-level=\"2\">C\u00e2t este capitalul social minim la SRL?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-cand-\u0219i-cum-se-depune-capitalul-social\" data-level=\"2\">C\u00e2nd \u0219i cum se depune capitalul social?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-de-ce-este-importanta-valoarea-capitalului-social\" data-level=\"2\">De ce este important\u0103 valoarea capitalului social?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-cum-poate-fi-folosit-capitalul-social\" data-level=\"2\">Cum poate fi folosit capitalul social?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-cum-se-majoreaza-capitalul-social\" data-level=\"2\">Cum se majoreaz\u0103 capitalul social?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#h-cum-se-reduce-capitalul-social\" data-level=\"2\">Cum se reduce capitalul social?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-ce-este-capitalul-social\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce este capitalul social?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Capitalul social este valoarea total\u0103 a aporturilor pe care asocia\u021bii le aduc \u00een firm\u0103, <a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/infiintare-srl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">la \u00eenfiin\u021bare<\/a> sau mai t\u00e2rziu, \u00een schimbul p\u0103r\u021bilor sociale. Mai simplu spus, e \u201emiza\u201d cu care asocia\u021bii pornesc firma \u0219i care apare \u00een actul constitutiv \u0219i \u00een Registrul Comer\u021bului. Conteaz\u0103 pentru \u00eencredere, guvernan\u021b\u0103 \u0219i anumite proceduri legale, dar nu determin\u0103 de unul singur taxele sau plafonul de micro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Capitalul social al unui SRL se \u00eemparte \u00een p\u0103r\u021bi sociale egale. Fiecare asociat prime\u0219te un num\u0103r de p\u0103r\u021bi sociale propor\u021bional cu aportul lui, iar de acolo vin drepturile de vot \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/tot-ce-trebuie-sa-stii-despre-dividende\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">procentul din dividende<\/a>. Dar e o diferen\u021b\u0103 \u00eentre capitalul subscris \u0219i cel v\u0103rsat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Capitalul subscris<\/strong> este suma pe care asocia\u021bii s-au obligat s\u0103 o aduc\u0103, trecut\u0103 \u00een actul constitutiv.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Capitalul v\u0103rsat<\/strong> este partea pe care au adus-o efectiv \u00een firm\u0103 (\u00een cont sau prin predarea bunurilor).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diferen\u021ba dintre ele e o sum\u0103 pe care asocia\u021bii \u00eenc\u0103 o datoreaz\u0103 firmei, \u00een termenele prev\u0103zute de lege.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"h-ce-poate-fi-aport-la-capitalul-social\"><strong>Ce poate fi aport la capitalul social<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Aport \u00een numerar:<\/strong> bani depu\u0219i \u00een <a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/librabank\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">contul firmei<\/a>. E obligatoriu: orice SRL trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 \u0219i o parte de capital \u00een bani.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aport \u00een natur\u0103:<\/strong> bunuri mobile sau imobile (un laptop, o ma\u0219in\u0103, un spa\u021biu). Bunul se evalueaz\u0103 \u00een bani \u0219i trece \u00een proprietatea firmei. Poate completa aportul \u00een numerar, dar nu \u00eel poate \u00eenlocui. Dac\u0103 aduci un imobil, actul se \u00eencheie \u00een form\u0103 autentic\u0103, la notar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ce nu poate fi aport la capitalul social al unui SRL<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Munca sau serviciile tale<\/strong> (vechiul \u201eaport \u00een industrie\u201d). <a href=\"https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocument\/169688\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Legea spune<\/a> c\u0103 presta\u021biile \u00een munc\u0103 sau servicii nu pot forma \u0219i nici majora capitalul social.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Crean\u021bele, la \u00eenfiin\u021bare<\/strong> (de exemplu, o factur\u0103 pe care \u021bi-o datoreaz\u0103 altcineva). La majorare, o crean\u021b\u0103 cert\u0103 a asociatului fa\u021b\u0103 de firm\u0103, cum e un \u00eemprumut acordat firmei, poate fi convertit\u0103 \u00een capital.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-cat-este-capitalul-social-minim-la-srl\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2t este capitalul social minim la SRL?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conform <a href=\"https:\/\/legislatie.just.ro\/Public\/DetaliiDocumentAfis\/305208\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Legii nr. 239\/2025<\/a>, capitalul social minim pentru un SRL nou \u00eenfiin\u021bat e de <strong>500 de lei<\/strong>, iar pentru un SRL cu cifr\u0103 de afaceri net\u0103 de peste 400.000 de lei e de <strong>5.000 de lei<\/strong>. Dac\u0103 ai un SRL existent \u0219i cifra de afaceri net\u0103 sub 400.000 de lei, capitalul social actual r\u0103m\u00e2ne valabil, <strong>chiar dac\u0103 e 1 leu sau 200 de lei<\/strong> (\u00eel po\u021bi majora op\u021bional, dac\u0103 te ajut\u0103).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De\u0219i exist\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 confuzii pe tema asta, ele vin din modific\u0103rile frecvente din ultimii ani. P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2020, capitalul social minim a fost de 200 de lei. Apoi, din noiembrie 2020 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een decembrie 2025, pragul de 200 de lei a fost eliminat, iar capitalul social minim a fost de 1 leu. Din 18 decembrie 2025 au intrat \u00een vigoare regulile actuale, care leag\u0103 minimul de cifra de afaceri: 500 de lei la \u00eenfiin\u021bare \u0219i 5.000 de lei peste 400.000 de lei cifr\u0103 de afaceri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>De re\u021binut:<\/strong> trebuie s\u0103 majorezi capitalul social la 5.000 de lei doar c\u00e2nd cifra de afaceri net\u0103 din situa\u021biile financiare anuale trece de 400.000 de lei. Conteaz\u0103 cifra de afaceri net\u0103 raportat\u0103 \u00een situa\u021biile financiare, nu totalul veniturilor \u0219i nici \u00eencas\u0103rile din cont.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0218i mai e ceva important: dac\u0103 \u00een anii urm\u0103tori cifra de afaceri scade sub 400.000 de lei, capitalul r\u0103m\u00e2ne la 5.000 de lei. Iar dac\u0103 nu majorezi \u00een termen, tribunalul poate dispune dizolvarea firmei, la cererea ONRC sau a oric\u0103rei persoane interesate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-cand-\u0219i-cum-se-depune-capitalul-social\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2nd \u0219i cum se depune capitalul social?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Capitalul social se depune dup\u0103 \u00eenmatriculare. Din noiembrie 2020, ONRC nu mai cere dovada v\u0103rs\u0103rii la \u00eenfiin\u021barea unui SRL, a\u0219a c\u0103 faci un singur drum la banc\u0103: pentru <a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/deschiderea-contului-bancar-pentru-firma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">deschiderea contului firmei<\/a>, unde depui \u0219i capitalul. Chiar dac\u0103 nu \u021bi se mai cere dovada la ONRC, obliga\u021bia de v\u0103rsare exist\u0103 \u00een continuare:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>cel pu\u021bin 30% din capitalul subscris:<\/strong> \u00een cel mult 3 luni de la \u00eenmatriculare \u0219i \u00eenainte de a \u00eencepe opera\u021biuni \u00een numele firmei;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>restul capitalului, dac\u0103 e \u00een bani:<\/strong> \u00een 12 luni de la \u00eenmatriculare;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>restul capitalului, dac\u0103 e \u00een natur\u0103:<\/strong> \u00een cel mult 2 ani de la \u00eenmatriculare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 exist\u0103 mai mul\u021bi asocia\u021bi, fiecare depune partea lui, cu numele propriu \u00een detaliile pl\u0103\u021bii. Cum faci concret v\u0103rsarea:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Transferi suma din contul t\u0103u personal \u00een contul firmei sau o depui la ghi\u0219eu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La detalii scrii ceva clar, de exemplu \u201ev\u0103rsare capital social conform act constitutiv \u2013 [nume asociat]\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u0103strezi extrasul sau chitan\u021ba. E dovada c\u0103 \u021bi-ai \u00eendeplinit obliga\u021bia, iar contabilul are nevoie de ea ca s\u0103 \u00eenregistreze capitalul ca v\u0103rsat.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-de-ce-este-importanta-valoarea-capitalului-social\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">De ce este important\u0103 valoarea capitalului social?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"h-1-stabile\u0219te-pana-unde-raspunzi-ca-asociat\"><strong>1. Stabile\u0219te p\u00e2n\u0103 unde r\u0103spunzi ca asociat<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Asocia\u021bii r\u0103spund pentru datoriile firmei doar \u00een limita capitalului social subscris. Altfel spus, creditorii se \u00eendreapt\u0103 \u00eempotriva firmei \u0219i a bunurilor ei, nu \u00eempotriva casei sau a economiilor tale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u0103spunderea limitat\u0103 are \u00eens\u0103 \u0219i excep\u021bii. Asocia\u021bii sau administratorii pot ajunge s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 personal dac\u0103, de exemplu, au golit firma de bani \u00eenainte de insolven\u021b\u0103 sau au folosit-o ca paravan. Codul de procedur\u0103 fiscal\u0103 prevede \u0219i cazuri de r\u0103spundere solidar\u0103 pentru datoriile la buget, iar Legea 239\/2025 a ad\u0103ugat altele, legate de \u00eemprumuturi \u0219i dividende.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"h-2-e-un-semnal-pentru-banci-\u0219i-parteneri\"><strong>2. E un semnal pentru b\u0103nci \u0219i parteneri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un capital de 1 leu sau 200 de lei nu prezint\u0103 suficient\u0103 credibilitate. B\u0103ncile, finan\u021batorii \u0219i unele licita\u021bii se uit\u0103 la capital ca la un prim indicator al seriozit\u0103\u021bii. Nu e singurul criteriu (conteaz\u0103 mult mai mult capitalurile proprii, istoricul \u0219i fluxul de numerar), dar un capital simbolic nu ajut\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"h-3-un-capital-mare-nu-e-neaparat-mai-bun\"><strong>3. Un capital mare nu e neap\u0103rat mai bun<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Legea compar\u0103 activul net al firmei cu capitalul social. Activul net \u00eenseamn\u0103 tot ce are firma minus tot ce datoreaz\u0103. Dac\u0103 activul net scade sub jum\u0103tate din capitalul social, firma intr\u0103 \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 cu restric\u021bii. Cu c\u00e2t capitalul e mai mare, cu at\u00e2t pragul e mai sus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><td><strong>Firma A<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Firma B<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capital social<\/td><td>5.000 lei<\/td><td>50.000 lei<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Prag de activ net (jum\u0103tate din capital)<\/td><td>2.500 lei<\/td><td>25.000 lei<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Activ net dup\u0103 un an cu pierdere<\/td><td>10.000 lei<\/td><td>10.000 lei<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Situa\u021bie<\/td><td>Peste prag, f\u0103r\u0103 restric\u021bii<\/td><td>Sub prag, intr\u0103 sub restric\u021bii<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"h-4-activul-net-\u0219i-dividendele\"><strong>4. Activul net \u0219i dividendele<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Legea 239\/2025 a modificat \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/static.anaf.ro\/static\/10\/Brasov\/Brasov\/modificari_L31_1990_prin_L_239_2025.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Legea societ\u0103\u021bilor<\/a>, cu reguli care leag\u0103 dividendele \u0219i \u00eemprumuturile de la asocia\u021bi de raportul dintre activul net \u0219i capitalul social:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ai profit \u00een anul curent, dar pierderi reportate din anii trecu\u021bi:<\/strong> distribui dividende din profitul anului doar dup\u0103 ce constitui rezervele legale \u0219i acoperi pierderea reportat\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Activul net e sub jum\u0103tate din capitalul social (\u00een bilan\u021bul anual):<\/strong> nu po\u021bi distribui dividende din profitul anului p\u00e2n\u0103 nu readuci activul net la minim \u0219i nu po\u021bi returna asocia\u021bilor \u00eemprumuturile luate de la ei.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Activul net e sub jum\u0103tate din capital \u00een situa\u021biile interimare:<\/strong> nu po\u021bi distribui dividende trimestriale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Distribui dividende trimestriale:<\/strong> nu po\u021bi acorda \u00eemprumuturi asocia\u021bilor sau altor persoane afiliate p\u00e2n\u0103 nu regularizezi dividendele la final de an.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce ri\u0219ti dac\u0103 nu respec\u021bi regulile:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Amend\u0103 de la 10.000 la 200.000 de lei<\/strong> pentru \u00eemprumuturi acordate sau returnate cu \u00eenc\u0103lcarea interdic\u021biilor, aplicat\u0103 de ANAF.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>R\u0103spundere solidar\u0103:<\/strong> firma \u0219i asociatul care a primit banii r\u0103spund \u00eempreun\u0103 pentru datoriile restante la buget, \u00een limita sumelor respective.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Obliga\u021bia de a reface activul net:<\/strong> dac\u0103 activul net r\u0103m\u00e2ne sub jum\u0103tate din capital, firma trebuie s\u0103-l readuc\u0103 la acest nivel (sau s\u0103 reduc\u0103 capitalul) p\u00e2n\u0103 la finalul exerci\u021biului financiar urm\u0103tor. Nerespectarea se amendeaz\u0103 tot cu 10.000\u2013200.000 de lei.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Conversia \u00eemprumuturilor \u00een capital:<\/strong> dac\u0103 activul net r\u0103m\u00e2ne sub jum\u0103tate din capital \u0219i dup\u0103 acest termen, iar firma are \u00eemprumuturi de la asocia\u021bi, are \u00eenc\u0103 2 ani s\u0103 le transforme \u00een capital social. Altfel, amenda e de la 40.000 la 300.000 de lei.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-cum-poate-fi-folosit-capitalul-social\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cum poate fi folosit capitalul social?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unul dintre cele mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite mituri e c\u0103 banii din capitalul social trebuie s\u0103 stea neatin\u0219i \u00een cont. <strong>Fals<\/strong>. Odat\u0103 v\u0103rsa\u021bi, banii sunt ai firmei \u0219i \u00eei po\u021bi folosi pentru activitatea ei: chirie, echipamente, marf\u0103, salarii, taxe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce nu po\u021bi face e <a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/cum-sa-scoti-bani-din-firma-in-2026-fara-dividende-taxate-majorat\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">s\u0103-i sco\u021bi \u00eenapoi pentru tine<\/a>. Dac\u0103 iei banii din firm\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 document (contract, factur\u0103, decizie de dividende), apar probleme contabile \u0219i fiscale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alte mituri frecvente:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u201eTrebuie s\u0103 depun capitalul \u00eenainte de \u00eenfiin\u021bare.\u201d<\/strong> Fals pentru SRL. \u00cel depui dup\u0103 \u00eenmatriculare, \u00een termenele legale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201ePot aduce ca aport munca mea sau know-how-ul.\u201d<\/strong> Fals. Munca \u0219i serviciile nu pot forma capitalul social. Un brevet, marc\u0103, sau software poate fi aport \u00een natur\u0103, dar abilit\u0103\u021bile personale, nu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201eCapitalul social \u00eemi stabile\u0219te taxele.\u201d<\/strong> Fals. \u00cencadrarea la micro (1%) sau la impozit pe profit (16%) depinde de cifra de afaceri, de salaria\u021bi \u0219i de alte condi\u021bii, nu de capital.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201eCu capital mic nu pot pl\u0103ti dividende.\u201d<\/strong> Fals. Dividendele vin din profit. Conteaz\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 activul net, nu doar capitalul.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-cum-se-majoreaza-capitalul-social\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cum se majoreaz\u0103 capitalul social?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Majorarea se face printr-o decizie a asociatului unic sau o hot\u0103r\u00e2re a adun\u0103rii generale, urmat\u0103 de \u00eenregistrarea la Registrul Comer\u021bului. Pe scurt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Alegi metoda<\/strong>: aport nou \u00een bani sau \u00een natur\u0103, conversia unui \u00eemprumut dat firmei de asociat sau \u00eencorporarea rezervelor ori a profitului nedistribuit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Redactezi decizia<\/strong> sau hot\u0103r\u00e2rea \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/act-constitutiv-actualizat\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">actul constitutiv actualizat<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Faci dovada aportului<\/strong>: extras bancar, raport de evaluare pentru bunuri sau documentele contabile pentru crean\u021be \u0219i rezerve.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Depui dosarul<\/strong> la ONRC \u0219i pl\u0103te\u0219ti tariful de publicare \u00een Monitorul Oficial dup\u0103 ce cererea e admis\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pa\u0219ii detalia\u021bi, actele cerute \u0219i costurile le g\u0103se\u0219ti \u00een <a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/majorare-capital-social\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ghidul nostru despre majorarea capitalului social<\/a>. Dac\u0103 nu vrei s\u0103 te ocupi de formulare, <a href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/majorare-capital-social\">po\u021bi majora capitalul social 100% online cu StartCo<\/a>, iar noi preg\u0103tim dosarul \u0219i \u00eel depunem pentru tine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"h-cum-se-reduce-capitalul-social\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cum se reduce capitalul social?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Po\u021bi reduce capitalul social, de exemplu, prin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>restituirea unei p\u0103r\u021bi din aport c\u0103tre asocia\u021bi, propor\u021bional cu p\u0103r\u021bile lor;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>scutirea asocia\u021bilor de v\u0103rs\u0103mintele pe care nu le-au f\u0103cut \u00eenc\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>acoperirea unor pierderi, prin mic\u0219orarea valorii sau a num\u0103rului p\u0103r\u021bilor sociale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii c\u0103 nu po\u021bi cobor\u00ee capitalul sub minimul legal care \u021bi se aplic\u0103. La firmele cu peste 400.000 de lei cifr\u0103 de afaceri, minimul e de 5.000 de lei. Reducerea sub acest nivel e permis\u0103 doar dac\u0103 hot\u0103r\u0103\u0219ti, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, \u0219i o majorare care \u00eel readuce la minim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Iar dac\u0103 ai pierderi mari, reducerea capitalului poate fi chiar solu\u021bia legal\u0103 pentru a ie\u0219i din situa\u021bia activului net sub jum\u0103tate din capital. Discut\u0103 varianta cu contabilul \u00eenainte s\u0103 te hot\u0103r\u0103\u0219ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1792493959592\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Am capital social subscris, dar nu l-am v\u0103rsat niciodat\u0103. Ce risc?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Suma r\u0103m\u00e2ne o datorie a ta fa\u021b\u0103 de firm\u0103, chiar dac\u0103 ONRC nu \u021bi-a cerut dovada la \u00eenfiin\u021bare. Administratorii r\u0103spund solidar fa\u021b\u0103 de firm\u0103 pentru realitatea v\u0103rs\u0103mintelor, iar asociatul care nu-\u0219i aduce aportul poate fi exclus din firm\u0103.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1792493977607\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Pot majora capitalul la 5.000 de lei din profitul firmei, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 pun bani din buzunar? Pl\u0103tesc impozit pe dividende?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Da, po\u021bi \u00eencorpora \u00een capital profitul nerepartizat din anii trecu\u021bi. Profitul \u00eel po\u021bi folosi abia dup\u0103 ce asocia\u021bii aprob\u0103 bilan\u021bul (rezerva legal\u0103 nu poate fi \u00eencorporat\u0103). Pentru c\u0103 banii nu ajung la asocia\u021bi, opera\u021biunea nu e tratat\u0103 ca distribuire de dividende, deci nu re\u021bii impozitul de 16%. Ai nevoie de hot\u0103r\u00e2rea asocia\u021bilor \u0219i de bilan\u021bul sau balan\u021ba care arat\u0103 profitul disponibil, pe care le preg\u0103te\u0219te contabilul.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1792493996473\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\">Am doi asocia\u021bi \u0219i unul nu vrea s\u0103 pun\u0103 bani la majorarea la 5.000 de lei. Ce putem face?<\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">Nimeni nu poate fi obligat s\u0103 aduc\u0103 bani noi \u00een firm\u0103. Hot\u0103r\u00e2rea de majorare se ia cu majoritatea prev\u0103zut\u0103 de lege (majoritatea absolut\u0103 a asocia\u021bilor \u0219i a p\u0103r\u021bilor sociale) sau de actul constitutiv. La doi asocia\u021bi cu 50% fiecare nu exist\u0103 majoritate, deci e nevoie de acordul am\u00e2ndurora sau de ce prevede actul constitutiv pentru situa\u021bia de paritate. Termenul legal de majorare curge oricum, iar varianta practic\u0103 devine cesiunea p\u0103r\u021bilor sociale.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Afl\u0103 ce este capitalul social, c\u00e2t este capitalul social minim la SRL, cum se majoreaz\u0103 sau se reduce \u0219i cum poate fi folosit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":16464,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[373],"tags":[22,557,7,15],"class_list":["post-11760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-contabilitate-si-legislatie","tag-antreprenor","tag-infiintare-firma-2","tag-majorare-capital-social","tag-srl"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.6 (Yoast SEO v28.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ce este capitalul social: tot ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Vezi ce este capitalul social, c\u00e2t este capitalul social minim la SRL, cum se poate majora sau reduce \u0219i cum poate fi folosit.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/ce-este-capitalul-social-al-unui-srl\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Capitalul social al unei firme: ce este, c\u00e2nd \u0219i cum se depune \u0219i de ce e important\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vezi ce este capitalul social, c\u00e2t este capitalul social minim la SRL, cum se poate majora sau reduce \u0219i cum poate fi folosit.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/ce-este-capitalul-social-al-unui-srl\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"StartCo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/StartCo.ro\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-09-28T00:52:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-20T11:51:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/StartCo-4-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"924\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Viviana Popa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@StartCo_ro\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@StartCo_ro\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Scris de\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Viviana Popa\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"12 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/startco.ro\\\/blog\\\/ce-este-capitalul-social-al-unui-srl\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/startco.ro\\\/blog\\\/ce-este-capitalul-social-al-unui-srl\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Viviana Popa\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/startco.ro\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/1bbe96e8a4b59db8234afc52bd99005c\"},\"headline\":\"Capitalul social al unei firme: ce este, c\u00e2nd \u0219i cum se depune \u0219i de ce e important\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-09-28T00:52:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-20T11:51:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/startco.ro\\\/blog\\\/ce-este-capitalul-social-al-unui-srl\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2253,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/startco.ro\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/startco.ro\\\/blog\\\/ce-este-capitalul-social-al-unui-srl\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/startco.ro\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/12\\\/StartCo-4-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"antreprenor\",\"infiintare firma\",\"majorare capital social\",\"srl\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Contabilitate &amp; 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Cu ajutorul tehnologiei, elimin\u0103m birocra\u021bia \u0219i facem antreprenoriatul mai simplu, mai accesibil \u0219i mai eficient.","email":"contact@startco.ro","telephone":"0371 700 410","legalName":"StartCo","numberOfEmployees":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","minValue":"51","maxValue":"200"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/1bbe96e8a4b59db8234afc52bd99005c","name":"Viviana Popa","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ro-RO","@id":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatar_user_3_1684306727-96x96.png","url":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatar_user_3_1684306727-96x96.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/avatar_user_3_1684306727-96x96.png","caption":"Viviana Popa"},"description":"Expert Contabil membru CECCAR, pasionat\u0103 de content marketing, traduc aspectele fiscale \u0219i de business \u00eentr-un limbaj antreprenorial u\u0219or de digerat.","url":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/author\/viviana\/"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/ce-este-capitalul-social-al-unui-srl\/#faq-question-1792493959592","position":1,"url":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/ce-este-capitalul-social-al-unui-srl\/#faq-question-1792493959592","name":"Am capital social subscris, dar nu l-am v\u0103rsat niciodat\u0103. Ce risc?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Suma r\u0103m\u00e2ne o datorie a ta fa\u021b\u0103 de firm\u0103, chiar dac\u0103 ONRC nu \u021bi-a cerut dovada la \u00eenfiin\u021bare. Administratorii r\u0103spund solidar fa\u021b\u0103 de firm\u0103 pentru realitatea v\u0103rs\u0103mintelor, iar asociatul care nu-\u0219i aduce aportul poate fi exclus din firm\u0103.","inLanguage":"ro-RO"},"inLanguage":"ro-RO"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/ce-este-capitalul-social-al-unui-srl\/#faq-question-1792493977607","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/ce-este-capitalul-social-al-unui-srl\/#faq-question-1792493977607","name":"Pot majora capitalul la 5.000 de lei din profitul firmei, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 pun bani din buzunar? Pl\u0103tesc impozit pe dividende?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Da, po\u021bi \u00eencorpora \u00een capital profitul nerepartizat din anii trecu\u021bi. Profitul \u00eel po\u021bi folosi abia dup\u0103 ce asocia\u021bii aprob\u0103 bilan\u021bul (rezerva legal\u0103 nu poate fi \u00eencorporat\u0103). Pentru c\u0103 banii nu ajung la asocia\u021bi, opera\u021biunea nu e tratat\u0103 ca distribuire de dividende, deci nu re\u021bii impozitul de 16%. Ai nevoie de hot\u0103r\u00e2rea asocia\u021bilor \u0219i de bilan\u021bul sau balan\u021ba care arat\u0103 profitul disponibil, pe care le preg\u0103te\u0219te contabilul.","inLanguage":"ro-RO"},"inLanguage":"ro-RO"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/ce-este-capitalul-social-al-unui-srl\/#faq-question-1792493996473","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/ce-este-capitalul-social-al-unui-srl\/#faq-question-1792493996473","name":"Am doi asocia\u021bi \u0219i unul nu vrea s\u0103 pun\u0103 bani la majorarea la 5.000 de lei. Ce putem face?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Nimeni nu poate fi obligat s\u0103 aduc\u0103 bani noi \u00een firm\u0103. Hot\u0103r\u00e2rea de majorare se ia cu majoritatea prev\u0103zut\u0103 de lege (majoritatea absolut\u0103 a asocia\u021bilor \u0219i a p\u0103r\u021bilor sociale) sau de actul constitutiv. La doi asocia\u021bi cu 50% fiecare nu exist\u0103 majoritate, deci e nevoie de acordul am\u00e2ndurora sau de ce prevede actul constitutiv pentru situa\u021bia de paritate. Termenul legal de majorare curge oricum, iar varianta practic\u0103 devine cesiunea p\u0103r\u021bilor sociale.","inLanguage":"ro-RO"},"inLanguage":"ro-RO"}]}},"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":373,"label":"Contabilitate &amp; legisla\u021bie pe limba ta"}],"post_tag":[{"value":22,"label":"antreprenor"},{"value":557,"label":"infiintare firma"},{"value":7,"label":"majorare capital social"},{"value":15,"label":"srl"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/StartCo-4-1-1024x577.jpg",1024,577,true],"author_info":{"display_name":"Viviana Popa","author_link":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/author\/viviana\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":373,"name":"Contabilitate &amp; legisla\u021bie pe limba ta","slug":"contabilitate-si-legislatie","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":373,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":129,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":373,"category_count":129,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Contabilitate &amp; legisla\u021bie pe limba ta","category_nicename":"contabilitate-si-legislatie","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":22,"name":"antreprenor","slug":"antreprenor","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":22,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":244,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":557,"name":"infiintare firma","slug":"infiintare-firma-2","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":557,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":6,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":7,"name":"majorare capital social","slug":"majorare-capital-social","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":7,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":2,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":15,"name":"srl","slug":"srl","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":15,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":37,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11760"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11760\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22617,"href":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11760\/revisions\/22617"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/startco.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}